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{{Read Tamil|Name of target page=இந்திரா பார்த்தசாரதி|Title of target page=இந்திரா பார்த்தசாரதி}}
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[[File:இந்திரா பார்த்தசாரதி.jpg|thumb]]
Indira Parthasarathy (Ee. Pa) (July 10, 1930) is one of the pioneers of modern tamil literature. He has accomplished in multiple fields including novels, short stories and plays. Recipient of the Padma Shri Award. Recipient of the Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel 'Kuruthipunal'. He is 'fellow' in Sahitya academy. Professor of tamil with high proficiency in English. A Marxist enthusiast with a scholarship in Vaishnava devotional literature.
Indira Parthasarathy ('Ee. Paa') (July 10, 1930) is one of the forerunners in modern Tamil literature. His literary achievement includes numerous novels, short stories and plays. He is a recipient of the PadmaShri Award. He received Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel '<nowiki/>''[[குருதிப்புனல்|Kuruthippunal]]''' and is currently a 'Fellow' of the Sahitya Academy. He was a professor of Tamil literature with a high proficiency in English language, a Marxist with a deep knowledge of Vaishnavite Bhakti literature.
 
Most of his novels deals with the psychology of the upper middle class lives. Filled with Satire. They depict the metropolitan life through the fictional characters who are officials in the government offices.
 
== Birth, Early life ==
Original name is Parthasarathy. He was born in a tamil vaishnavaite family in chennai on July 10, 1930. He was brought up in Kumbakonam. He was admitted to the school of education only when was 9 years old, that too in the class of sixth standard straightaway. He was introduced to tamil literary personalities such as Thi. Janakariman and Karichchan Kunju at this young age. Thi. Janakiraman was his teacher. He received Bachelor's degree from Kumbakonam arts college and Master's degree from Chidambaram annamalai university.


Most of his novels deal with the life and psyche of the upper middle-class. They are satirical in nature and depict metropolitan life using mostly fictional characters in government service.
== Birth, Early life, Education ==
He was born as Parthasarathy. He generated his pen name by enjoining his wife's name 'Indira' to his own. Born on 10th July 1930 to a Tamil Vaishnavite family in Chennai, he grew up in Kumbakonam. Ee.paa went to school when he was 9 years old and was directly admitted to class six. He familiarised himself with Tamil literary personalities such as [[Thi. Janakiraman|Thi.Janakariman]] and [[Karichan Kunju|Karichchan Kunju]] at a young age. Thi. Janakiraman was also his schoolteacher. Ee.Paa had his Under-graduation from Kumbakonam Arts college and Post-graduation from Chidambaram Annamalai university.
== Personal life ==
== Personal life ==
He started his career as a Tamil teacher at the National College in Trichy in 1952. He later worked as a Tamil teacher at the University of Delhi (1962-2002) and after retirement became the Professor of Drama at the University of Pondicherry. For few years (1981-1986) he was a visiting professor of Indian philosophy and culture at the University of Warsaw in Poland. He is currently living in Chennai.  
Indira Parthasarathy started his career as a Tamil teacher at the National College in Trichy in 1952. He later worked as a Tamil lecturer in Delhi University (1962-2002) and after his retirement there, became the Professor of Drama in the department of Performing Arts in Pondicherry University. For few years (1981-1986) he was a visiting professor of Indian philosophy and culture at the University of Warsaw in Poland. He has penned those abroad reflections in a novel ''<nowiki/>'[[ஏசுவின் தோழர்கள்|Yesuvin Thozhargal]]''' (Yesu's friends). He currently lives in Chennai.  
 
==== Family ====
==== Family ====
It was from his family that he got the introduction to the Vaishnava devotional literature and gained his interest in Marxism. Ee. Pa.'s father was an ardent Vaishnava devotee. Brother Venkatachari was involved in extreme left politics. His reading habit is also inherited from his family. Her grandmother and mother were voracious readers. He has his wife’s name as the first part of his pseudonym.
His family backdrop familiarised him to Vaishnavite bhakti literature but piqued his interest in Marxism as well. Ee. Paa's father was an ardent Vaishnavite. On the other hand, his brother Venkatachari was involved in leftist politics. Ee.Paa inherited a passion to reading from his family. Both his grandmother and mother were voracious readers. He has used his wife’s first name for his ''nom de plume''.  
 
== Literary Contribution ==
== Literary Contribution ==
==== Short Stories ====
==== Short Stories ====
In an interview to Vikatan, he once recalled that he wrote his first short story when he was 15 years old. It is the story about the increase in number of young women in the ‘Agraharam’.  
In an interview to Vikatan, he recalls that he wrote his first short story at the age of 15. The story was about the increased number of young widows in an Agrahaaram (Brahmin locality).


His first published short story was ‘Manitha Enthiram.’ It was published in 1964 as a special story in the magazine, Anandha Vikatan.
His first short story that got published was in 1964, ''<nowiki/>'Manitha Enthiram''' (human machine) in the magazine Anandha Vikatan, as a signature story.
 
“The form of the short story gets shaped by the unconscious mind of its respective author. It has no specific grammar. Forcing one to create a literary work in accordance to a particular theory is equivalent to saying that a woman who has studied medical science can only bear a child,” said Ee. Pa. This can be applied to his novels also.  


"The form of the short story is shaped by the unconscious mind of its author. It has no specific grammar. Forcing one to create a literary work in accordance with a particular theory is like saying that a woman who has studied medical science can only bear a child" says Ee.Paa. This principle of him can be applied to understand his novels as well.
==== Novels ====
==== Novels ====
His first novel ‘Kaalavellam’ was published in 1968. By creating characters with multiple traits and through the depiction of the contradictions, interactions and synchronicity between those characters he was able to convey the vision of the novel to his readers. Right from his first novel, this can be witnessed in all his works.
His first novel ''<nowiki/>'Kaalavellam’'' (deluge of Time) was published in 1968. He creates multi-dimensional characters in it and depicts interactions, synchronicity and contrasts between them to convey the vision in this and in all of his novels as well. Later, the novels he wrote satirically on Delhi's political milieu, [[சுதந்திர பூமி|''Suthanthira bhoomi'']] (free world), [[தந்திர பூமி|''Thanthira bhoomi'']] (tricky world) brought him fame.
[[File:Kuruthipunal.jpg|thumb|Kuruthipunal]]
[[File:Kuruthipunal.jpg|thumb|Kuruthippunal]]
His autobiographical novel, ''<nowiki/>'Verpatru’'' (roothold) presents Ee.Paa inmost as a student and a literary figure to its readers.


His autobiographical novel, ‘Vaerpatru’ helps readers to get a close access to Ee. Pa., as a student and as a literary figure.
He received Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel ''<nowiki/>'[[குருதிப்புனல்|Kuruthippunal]]''' (bloodbath) which presented the 1968 real incident: the caste-based massacre in Keezhvenmani Village, Thanjavur District, in a unique perspective. This novel saw him demonstrate that the caste/class divisions of people are not just determined by external factors such as economic conditions alone, but also internal factors such as their culture and myths.
==== Plays ====
Though Tamil literati had lost hopes on the literary form of Play, Ee. Paa was considerably attracted by it.  His first play was ''<nowiki/>'Mazhai’'' (rain).  It was staged amidst various protests in Dakshina Bharata Nataka Sangam in Delhi by Bharathi Mani.  This encouraged Ee.Paa to continue writing more plays. ''<nowiki/>'Porvai Portthiya udalgal''' (corpses shrouded) is his most important work. It was a widely discussed work as its content was the existential crisis during the Emergency period imposed in India for 21 months between 1975-1977.


The Sahitya Akademi Award was given for his novel 'Kuruthippunal' which approached the caste massacres in a village called Keezhvenmani in Thanjavur from a completely new angle. This novel subtly points out that the Class divisions are not just determined by the external factor, the economics; But that the internal factors such as culture and myth also plays an important role.
In Delhi, Ee.Paa was more recognised as a playwright than a novelist because the then popular magazine 'Enact’ published most of his plays in English translation. His historical plays such as ''<nowiki/>'Aurangazeb’'' and ''<nowiki/>'Ramanujar’'' are still very popular.


==== Plays ====
After his retirement as a professor of Tamil from Delhi University, he was offered to work at Pondicherry university. He insisted to work as a professor of drama, and later became instrumental in forming its Department of Performing arts.
While the literati had their hopes lost on the Plays, Ee. Pa. was attracted by this great creative format. Ee. Pa.’s first play was ‘Mazhai’. This play was staged by Bharathi Mani who belonged to the Dakshina Bharata Nataka Sangam of Delhi amidst various protests. Encouraged by this, he continued to write plays.


Also, since the then ‘Enact’ magazine translated most of his plays into english, he was mainly knows an a playwright than a novelist in Delhi. His historical plays such as ‘Aurangazeb’ and ‘Ramanujar’ are very popular.
He is conferred with a Doctor of Philosophy by the Delhi University for his research on Alwars (Vaishnavite saints).  The play ''<nowiki/>'Ramanujar''' was a result of these research and it later received 'Saraswathi Sammaan’ award.  


After his retirement as a professor of Tamil from the University of Delhi, he received an opportunity to work at the university of Pondicherry. But he insisted that he would work only as a professor of drama and he became the reason for the formation of the department of drama in that university.
==== Films ====


He has been conferred with a Doctorate by the university of Delhi for his research on Alwars. The play Ramanujar was the result of these research studies and the play received ‘Saraswathi Samman’ award.  
* Ee.Paa's ''<nowiki/>'Kuruthippunal'<nowiki/>'' (bloodbath) novel was adapted into a 1983 Tamil film ''<nowiki/>'Kann sivanthaal mann sivakkum''' (bloodshot eyes causes a gory land) directed by Sridhar Rajan.
* K.S.Sethumadhavan adapted Ee.Paa's novella ''<nowiki/>'Ucchiveyil'<nowiki/>'' (highnoon) into a 1990 Tamil film ''<nowiki/>'Marupakkam''' (the other side). It received the 'Swarna Kamal' award from the president of India.  


== Literary Significance ==
== Literary Significance ==
Indira Parthasarathy has put forward the power struggles, games played by the pompous, intellectual complexities that are hallmarks of a metropolitan life in Tamil literature. Indira Parthasarathy’s works, through the subtle satire, depicts the attitudes of the bureaucrats and the politicians who holds the power directly and also that of clerical class who witnesses it everyday being part of that power centre and at the same time enslaved to it. His early novels such as ‘Thanthira Bhoomi’ and ‘Suthanthira Bhoomi’ are best examples.
In Tamil Literature, Indira Parthasarathy manifested the power struggles, mind games played by the bourgeois, intellectual complexities that are typical of a metropolitan life. His works, through the subtle satire, depicts the attitudes of the bureaucrats and the politicians who holds the power directly and also that of working class who witnesses it every day being part of that power centre and at the same time enslaved to it. His early novels from Delhi, 'Thanthira Bhoomi’ and 'Suthanthira Bhoomi’ are best examples.


Indira Parthasarathy wrote more about the human pretensions. It is a vision out of emotionless but of an intellectual research view. Hence, his fictions placed more emphasis on the Freudian psychology. It is the narrative style that delves into the psychology of the characters through the narration of the story itself.
Human pretensions occupy more space in Ee.Paa's works. His is an intellectualised dehumanised view. Thus, his fiction emphasised Freudian psychology. His style has been to analyse the Psyche of the characters through the narrative of the story.  
 
In the seventies, Indira Parthasarathy moved towards the ideas of existentialism. Intellectual humor slowly moved towards the vision of meaninglessness. Indira Parthasarathy chose plays as its best form during this period. It is through these plays that Indira Parthasarathy is considered to be one of the pioneers of Tamil modern play. In particular, his ’Porvai Porthiya Udalgal’ is known to be the best realistic play then and even today. Indira Parthasarathy’s later novels have a satirical take on the decline of our politics. ‘Mayamaan Vettai’, ‘Vedapurathu Viyabarigal’ are the best examples of his satiric view.
 
He was born in a big city but raised in a small town. He is a collection of such oxymorons. But the fact that his novels do not define these psychological problems only on the economical grounds is an outcome of the contradictions that inherent in him.


In the 70s, Ee.Paa transposed towards existentialist thoughts.  Intellectual humour slowly became fatuous. He chose drama as the best form to express this during the transforming period. It is thus through these plays that Ee.Paa is considered one of the pioneers of modern Tamil play. In particular, his ''<nowiki/>'Porvai Portthiya udalgal''' (corpses shrouded) is considered as the best Realist work then and now. His later novels have a satirical take on the decline of our values in politics. ''<nowiki/>'Mayamaan Vettai’ (''hunt of the delusive doe'')'', ''<nowiki/>'Vedapuratthu Vyapaarigal’'' (traders of Vedapuram) stand testimony to this statement.
== Awards ==
== Awards ==
 
# Sahitya Akademi Award (for novel ''Kuruthippunal'')
# Sahitya Akademi Award
# Saraswathi Sammaan Award (for the Play Ramanujar)
# Saraswathi Samman Award
# Sangeet Natak Akademy Award
# Sangeet Natak Akademy Award
# Bharatiya Bhasha Award
# Bharatiya Bhasha Award
# Padma Shree (2010)
# PadmaShri (2010)
# The Hindu Lit for Life - The Lifetime achievement award.
# The Hindu Lit for Life - The Lifetime achievement award.
# Sahitya Academy Fellowship
# Sahitya Academy Fellowship
== Works ==
== Works ==
==== Short Stories ====
==== Short Stories ====
He has written more than hundred short stories. They are published as several compilations by various publishers.
He has written more than hundred short stories. They are published as several compilations by various publishers.
# ''Naasakaara gumbal'' (destructive mob)
# ''Manitha Dheivangal'' (divine human)
# ''Mutthukkal patthu'' (ten pearls)
# ''Indira Parthasarathy Siru Kathaigal'' - 2 Volumes. (Short stories)


==== Novels ====
==== Novels ====
 
# ''Kaalavellam'' (1968) (the deluge of Time)
# Kaalavellam (1968)
# ''Aagasath Thamarai'' (celestial lotus)
# Aagasath Thamarai
# ''Maayamaan Vettai'' (hunt of the delusive doe)
# Maayamaan Vettai
# ''[[தந்திர பூமி|Thanthira Bhoomi]]'' (tricky world)
# Thanthira Bhoomi
# ''Thiraigalukku Appaal'' (beyond veils)
# Thiraigalukku Appal
# ''Saththiya Sothanai'' (test of truth)
# Saththiya Sothanai
# ''[[குருதிப்புனல்|Kuruthippunal]]'' (Bloodbath) (Recipient of Sahitya Akademi award)  
# Kuruthipunal (Recipient of Sahitya Akademi award)
# ''Krishna Krishna''
# Krishna Krishna
# ''Vedapuraththu Vyaaparigal'' (traders of Vedapuram)
# Vedapuraththu Viyabarigal
# ''[[சுதந்திர பூமி|Suthanthira Bhoomi]]'' (free world)
# Suthanthira Bhoomi
# ''Helicoptergal Keezhae Irangivittana'' (the Helicopters have landed)
# Helicoptergal Keezhae Irangivittana
# ''Verpatru'' (roothold)
# Vaerpatru
# ''Venthu Thanintha Kaadugal'' (woods burnt down)
# Venthu Thanintha Kaadugal
# ''Agni'' (fire)
# Agni
# ''Theervugal'' (islands)
# Theervugal
# ''[[ஏசுவின் தோழர்கள்|Yesuvin Thozhargal]]'' (Yesu's friends)
# Yesuvin Thozhargal
# ''Nilam Ennum Nallaal'' (Earth, the damsel) (Original story of the play 'Mazhai')
# Nilam Ennum Nallaal (Original story of the play 'Mazhai')
# ''Uchchi Veyil'' (high noon) (It was later adapted as a feature film.)
# Uchchi Veyil (It was later adapted as a feature film.)
 
==== Plays ====
==== Plays ====
 
# ''Mazhai'' (Adapted from the novel - Nilam Ennum Nallal)
# Mazhai (Adapted from the novel - Nilam Ennum Nallal)
# ''Porvai Portthiya Udalgal'' (corpses shrouded)
# Porvai Porthiya Udalgal
# ''Kaala Yanthirangal'' (time machines)
# Kaala Yanthirangal
# ''Nandan Kathai'' (story of Nandan)
# Nandan Kathai
# ''Kongai Thee'' (burning breast)
# Kongai Thee
# ''Aurangazeb''
# Aurangazeb
# ''Ramanujar''
# Ramanujar
# ''Iruthi Aattam'' (final game) (translation of William Shakespeare's King Lear)
# Iruthi Aattam
# ''Sooraavali''  (tempest) (translation of William Shakespeare's The tempest)
# Sooravali
# ''Pasi'' (hunger)
# Pasi
# ''Kovil'' (shrine)
# Kovil
# ''Dharmam''
# Dharmam
# ''Nattakkal'' (installation)
# Nattakkal
# ''Punarapi Jananam, Punarapi Maranam'' (birth again death again)
# Punarabi Jenmam, Punarabi Maranam
# ''Veedu'' (abode)
# Veedu
 
==== Translations ====
==== Translations ====
The plays Iruthi Aattam and Sooravali are inspired from Shakespeare's The King Lear and The Tempest, respectively.
The Plays ''Iruthi Aattam'' and ''Sooraavali'' are inspired from Shakespeare's The King Lear and The Tempest, respectively.
 
==== Translated Works ====
==== Translated Works ====
Most of his plays were translated into English by the magazine 'Enact' that was operated from Delhi. This exclusive theatre magazine was run by Rajendra paul.
Most of his plays were translated into English by the Delhi-based magazine 'Enact'. This magazine dedicated to Theatre was run by Rajendra pal.
 
Below novels were translated into english
 
# Krishna Krishna - Translated by Ee. Pa.
# Kuruthipunal - 'River of Blood' translated by Ka. Na. Su.
# Thiraigalukku Appal - 'Through the Veils' by Lakshmi Kannan.


Ee.paa's novels were translated into English.
# ''Krishna Krishna'' - Translated by Ee. Pa.
# ''Kuruthipunal'' - 'River of Blood' translated by Ka. Na. Su.
# ''Thiraigalukku Appal'' - 'Through the Veils' by Lakshmi Kannan.
== References ==
== References ==
* [https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/226898-10.html Few details on Ee. Pa.]
* [https://www.hindutamil.in/news/blogs/226898-10.html Ee. Pa. on HinduTamil Newspaper]
* [https://www.vikatan.com/arts/literature/131740-life-history-of-tamil-writer-indira-parthasarathy-the-story-of-storytellers-part-32 Vikatan Article]
* [https://www.vikatan.com/arts/literature/131740-life-history-of-tamil-writer-indira-parthasarathy-the-story-of-storytellers-part-32 Vikatan Article]
* [https://www.vikatan.com/news/literature/147971-interview-with-tamil-writer-indira-parthasarathy Interview by Ee. Pa to Vikatan]
* [https://www.vikatan.com/news/literature/147971-interview-with-tamil-writer-indira-parthasarathy Interview by Ee. Pa to Vikatan]
* [https://indiraparthasarathy.wordpress.com Website of Ee. Pa.]
* [https://indiraparthasarathy.wordpress.com Website of Ee. Pa.]
{{Finalised-en}}
[[Category:English Content]]

Latest revision as of 20:25, 17 August 2023

இந்தப் பக்கத்தை தமிழில் வாசிக்க: இந்திரா பார்த்தசாரதி ‎

இந்திரா பார்த்தசாரதி.jpg

Indira Parthasarathy ('Ee. Paa') (July 10, 1930) is one of the forerunners in modern Tamil literature. His literary achievement includes numerous novels, short stories and plays. He is a recipient of the PadmaShri Award. He received Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel 'Kuruthippunal' and is currently a 'Fellow' of the Sahitya Academy. He was a professor of Tamil literature with a high proficiency in English language, a Marxist with a deep knowledge of Vaishnavite Bhakti literature.

Most of his novels deal with the life and psyche of the upper middle-class. They are satirical in nature and depict metropolitan life using mostly fictional characters in government service.

Birth, Early life, Education

He was born as Parthasarathy. He generated his pen name by enjoining his wife's name 'Indira' to his own. Born on 10th July 1930 to a Tamil Vaishnavite family in Chennai, he grew up in Kumbakonam. Ee.paa went to school when he was 9 years old and was directly admitted to class six. He familiarised himself with Tamil literary personalities such as Thi.Janakariman and Karichchan Kunju at a young age. Thi. Janakiraman was also his schoolteacher. Ee.Paa had his Under-graduation from Kumbakonam Arts college and Post-graduation from Chidambaram Annamalai university.

Personal life

Indira Parthasarathy started his career as a Tamil teacher at the National College in Trichy in 1952. He later worked as a Tamil lecturer in Delhi University (1962-2002) and after his retirement there, became the Professor of Drama in the department of Performing Arts in Pondicherry University. For few years (1981-1986) he was a visiting professor of Indian philosophy and culture at the University of Warsaw in Poland. He has penned those abroad reflections in a novel 'Yesuvin Thozhargal' (Yesu's friends). He currently lives in Chennai.

Family

His family backdrop familiarised him to Vaishnavite bhakti literature but piqued his interest in Marxism as well. Ee. Paa's father was an ardent Vaishnavite. On the other hand, his brother Venkatachari was involved in leftist politics. Ee.Paa inherited a passion to reading from his family. Both his grandmother and mother were voracious readers. He has used his wife’s first name for his nom de plume.

Literary Contribution

Short Stories

In an interview to Vikatan, he recalls that he wrote his first short story at the age of 15. The story was about the increased number of young widows in an Agrahaaram (Brahmin locality).

His first short story that got published was in 1964, 'Manitha Enthiram' (human machine) in the magazine Anandha Vikatan, as a signature story.

"The form of the short story is shaped by the unconscious mind of its author. It has no specific grammar. Forcing one to create a literary work in accordance with a particular theory is like saying that a woman who has studied medical science can only bear a child" says Ee.Paa. This principle of him can be applied to understand his novels as well.

Novels

His first novel 'Kaalavellam’ (deluge of Time) was published in 1968. He creates multi-dimensional characters in it and depicts interactions, synchronicity and contrasts between them to convey the vision in this and in all of his novels as well. Later, the novels he wrote satirically on Delhi's political milieu, Suthanthira bhoomi (free world), Thanthira bhoomi (tricky world) brought him fame.

Kuruthippunal

His autobiographical novel, 'Verpatru’ (roothold) presents Ee.Paa inmost as a student and a literary figure to its readers.

He received Sahitya Akademi Award for his novel 'Kuruthippunal' (bloodbath) which presented the 1968 real incident: the caste-based massacre in Keezhvenmani Village, Thanjavur District, in a unique perspective. This novel saw him demonstrate that the caste/class divisions of people are not just determined by external factors such as economic conditions alone, but also internal factors such as their culture and myths.

Plays

Though Tamil literati had lost hopes on the literary form of Play, Ee. Paa was considerably attracted by it. His first play was 'Mazhai’ (rain). It was staged amidst various protests in Dakshina Bharata Nataka Sangam in Delhi by Bharathi Mani. This encouraged Ee.Paa to continue writing more plays. 'Porvai Portthiya udalgal' (corpses shrouded) is his most important work. It was a widely discussed work as its content was the existential crisis during the Emergency period imposed in India for 21 months between 1975-1977.

In Delhi, Ee.Paa was more recognised as a playwright than a novelist because the then popular magazine 'Enact’ published most of his plays in English translation. His historical plays such as 'Aurangazeb’ and 'Ramanujar’ are still very popular.

After his retirement as a professor of Tamil from Delhi University, he was offered to work at Pondicherry university. He insisted to work as a professor of drama, and later became instrumental in forming its Department of Performing arts.

He is conferred with a Doctor of Philosophy by the Delhi University for his research on Alwars (Vaishnavite saints). The play 'Ramanujar' was a result of these research and it later received 'Saraswathi Sammaan’ award.

Films

  • Ee.Paa's 'Kuruthippunal' (bloodbath) novel was adapted into a 1983 Tamil film 'Kann sivanthaal mann sivakkum' (bloodshot eyes causes a gory land) directed by Sridhar Rajan.
  • K.S.Sethumadhavan adapted Ee.Paa's novella 'Ucchiveyil' (highnoon) into a 1990 Tamil film 'Marupakkam' (the other side). It received the 'Swarna Kamal' award from the president of India.

Literary Significance

In Tamil Literature, Indira Parthasarathy manifested the power struggles, mind games played by the bourgeois, intellectual complexities that are typical of a metropolitan life. His works, through the subtle satire, depicts the attitudes of the bureaucrats and the politicians who holds the power directly and also that of working class who witnesses it every day being part of that power centre and at the same time enslaved to it. His early novels from Delhi, 'Thanthira Bhoomi’ and 'Suthanthira Bhoomi’ are best examples.

Human pretensions occupy more space in Ee.Paa's works. His is an intellectualised dehumanised view. Thus, his fiction emphasised Freudian psychology. His style has been to analyse the Psyche of the characters through the narrative of the story.

In the 70s, Ee.Paa transposed towards existentialist thoughts. Intellectual humour slowly became fatuous. He chose drama as the best form to express this during the transforming period. It is thus through these plays that Ee.Paa is considered one of the pioneers of modern Tamil play. In particular, his 'Porvai Portthiya udalgal' (corpses shrouded) is considered as the best Realist work then and now. His later novels have a satirical take on the decline of our values in politics. 'Mayamaan Vettai’ (hunt of the delusive doe), 'Vedapuratthu Vyapaarigal’ (traders of Vedapuram) stand testimony to this statement.

Awards

  1. Sahitya Akademi Award (for novel Kuruthippunal)
  2. Saraswathi Sammaan Award (for the Play Ramanujar)
  3. Sangeet Natak Akademy Award
  4. Bharatiya Bhasha Award
  5. PadmaShri (2010)
  6. The Hindu Lit for Life - The Lifetime achievement award.
  7. Sahitya Academy Fellowship

Works

Short Stories

He has written more than hundred short stories. They are published as several compilations by various publishers.

  1. Naasakaara gumbal (destructive mob)
  2. Manitha Dheivangal (divine human)
  3. Mutthukkal patthu (ten pearls)
  4. Indira Parthasarathy Siru Kathaigal - 2 Volumes. (Short stories)

Novels

  1. Kaalavellam (1968) (the deluge of Time)
  2. Aagasath Thamarai (celestial lotus)
  3. Maayamaan Vettai (hunt of the delusive doe)
  4. Thanthira Bhoomi (tricky world)
  5. Thiraigalukku Appaal (beyond veils)
  6. Saththiya Sothanai (test of truth)
  7. Kuruthippunal (Bloodbath) (Recipient of Sahitya Akademi award)
  8. Krishna Krishna
  9. Vedapuraththu Vyaaparigal (traders of Vedapuram)
  10. Suthanthira Bhoomi (free world)
  11. Helicoptergal Keezhae Irangivittana (the Helicopters have landed)
  12. Verpatru (roothold)
  13. Venthu Thanintha Kaadugal (woods burnt down)
  14. Agni (fire)
  15. Theervugal (islands)
  16. Yesuvin Thozhargal (Yesu's friends)
  17. Nilam Ennum Nallaal (Earth, the damsel) (Original story of the play 'Mazhai')
  18. Uchchi Veyil (high noon) (It was later adapted as a feature film.)

Plays

  1. Mazhai (Adapted from the novel - Nilam Ennum Nallal)
  2. Porvai Portthiya Udalgal (corpses shrouded)
  3. Kaala Yanthirangal (time machines)
  4. Nandan Kathai (story of Nandan)
  5. Kongai Thee (burning breast)
  6. Aurangazeb
  7. Ramanujar
  8. Iruthi Aattam (final game) (translation of William Shakespeare's King Lear)
  9. Sooraavali (tempest) (translation of William Shakespeare's The tempest)
  10. Pasi (hunger)
  11. Kovil (shrine)
  12. Dharmam
  13. Nattakkal (installation)
  14. Punarapi Jananam, Punarapi Maranam (birth again death again)
  15. Veedu (abode)

Translations

The Plays Iruthi Aattam and Sooraavali are inspired from Shakespeare's The King Lear and The Tempest, respectively.

Translated Works

Most of his plays were translated into English by the Delhi-based magazine 'Enact'. This magazine dedicated to Theatre was run by Rajendra pal.

Ee.paa's novels were translated into English.

  1. Krishna Krishna - Translated by Ee. Pa.
  2. Kuruthipunal - 'River of Blood' translated by Ka. Na. Su.
  3. Thiraigalukku Appal - 'Through the Veils' by Lakshmi Kannan.

References

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✅Finalised Page

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