Ramanataka Kirthanai: Difference between revisions
No edit summary |
Cyril.alex (talk | contribs) No edit summary |
||
| Line 2: | Line 2: | ||
{{Read Tamil|Name of target page=இராமநாடகக் கீர்த்தனை|Title of target page=இராமநாடகக் கீர்த்தனை}} | {{Read Tamil|Name of target page=இராமநாடகக் கீர்த்தனை|Title of target page=இராமநாடகக் கீர்த்தனை}} | ||
''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' was the first Tamil ''Isai Nataka'' | ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' was the first Tamil ''Isai Nataka''<ref>''Isai'' means Music and ''Nataka'' means drama</ref> text (musical drama). Arunachala Kavirayar created ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' in 1771. | ||
== Publication == | == Publication == | ||
There were some old editions for ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' Diwan Bahadur Bhavanadam Pillai, who published the text such as ''Yapalankaram'' and ''Yaparungalam,'' printed ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' and ''Nandanar Sarithira Kirthanai'' as ''Kirthanai Kothumalar'' 1 and ''Kirthanai Kothumalar'' 2 respectively, and published with 11 mythological pictures. | There were some old editions for ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' Diwan Bahadur Bhavanadam Pillai, who published the text such as ''Yapalankaram'' and ''Yaparungalam,'' printed ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' and ''Nandanar Sarithira Kirthanai'' as ''Kirthanai Kothumalar'' 1 and ''Kirthanai Kothumalar'' 2 respectively, and published with 11 mythological pictures. ''Kothumalar'' means flower bouquet or bunch of flowers. This edition was released in 1914. But this edition included three ''Kirthanais''<ref>Religious songs or hymns</ref> on three assistants with the name ''Udhavichirappu.'' The three ''Kirthanais'' are not the part of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' | ||
But this edition included three ''Kirthanais'' on three assistants with the name ''Udhavichirappu.'' The three ''Kirthanais'' are not the part of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' | |||
== Author == | == Author == | ||
[[Arunachala Kavirayar]], the author of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' was born at Thillaiyadi near Sirkazhi. | [[Arunachala Kavirayar]], the author of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' was born at Thillaiyadi near Sirkazhi. | ||
==Creation== | ==Creation== | ||
Marathas were ruling | Marathas were ruling Tanjore region during the time of [[Arunachala Kavirayar]]. Maharashtrian style ''Kathakalakshebam'' (rendering stories with music and drama) became popular in Tamil Nadu. Before that period, ''Kuravanji natakam''<ref>Drama</ref> were popular in Tamil Nadu. But ''Isai Nataka Kirthanai'' songs did not exist in Tamil language. Arunachala Kavirayar was well versed in [[Kambaramayanam]]. A couple of students of Arunachala Kavirayar namely Venkatrama Iyer and Kothandarama Iyer were learning Kambaramayanam from him. At their request Arunachala Kavirayar attempted to write ''Ramanataka Kirthanai''<ref>Musical poems on Rama's story. Kata means story</ref> in ''Isai Nataka'' format suitable for rendering the story . In those days it was a custom to sing the brief version of Ramayanam and the songs were known as ''Ramayana Oradi Kirthanai.'' (''Oradi'' means one line) Arunachala Kavirayar wrote ''Ramayana Oradi Kirthanais'' in ''Thodi Ragam'' before he attempted ''Ramanataka Kirthanai''. Arunachala Kavirayar created the ''Ramayana Oradi Kirthanai'' with the ''pallavi''<ref name=":0">The first part of a song in Indian music</ref> "''Kothanda diksha guruve bakthar ithaya kokana malar maruve"'', a very long ''anupallavai'' <ref name=":1">A distinct section within the introduction or starting section of a song (anu can mean sub)</ref>and the ''Charanam''<ref name=":2">Stanza of a song</ref> of 242 feet. There could be a possibility that Arunachala Kavirayar expanded this ''Oradi Ramayana Kirthanai'' into ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' | ||
In those days it was a custom to sing the brief version of Ramayanam and the songs were known as ''Ramayana Oradi Kirthanai.'' ( ''Oradi'' means one line) Arunachala Kavirayar wrote ''Ramayana Oradi Kirthanais'' in ''Thodi Ragam'' before he attempted ''Ramanataka Kirthanai''. Arunachala Kavirayar created the ''Ramayana Oradi Kirthanai'' with the '' | |||
At the age of 60, Arunachala Kavirayar gave his debut performance of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' in Srirangam. | At the age of 60, Arunachala Kavirayar gave his debut performance of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' in Srirangam. | ||
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' was a compilation of 258 musical songs. ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' consists of 197 ''Tharu'' type ''Kirthanais, 60 Dipathai'' type ''Kirthanais'' and 6 ''Kadavul Vazhthu'' songs ( | ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' was a compilation of 258 musical songs. ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' consists of 197 ''Tharu'' type ''Kirthanais, 60 Dipathai'' type ''Kirthanais'' and 6 ''Kadavul Vazhthu'' songs (Praise of God). The songs of ''Ramanataka Krithanai'' are made of 268 ''Virutham'', 6 ''Kochchakalipa,'' 2 ''Venba'' and 1 ''Kalippa''. Unlike other ''Nataka Kirthanais'', there is no separate ''Kattiyam'' (dialogue) portion in ''Ramanataka Kirthanai,'' except for two lines of dialogue somewhere inside the text. | ||
The songs of ''Ramanataka Krithanai'' are made of 268 ''Virutham'', 6 ''Kochchakalipa,'' 2 ''Venba'' and 1 ''Kalippa''. Unlike other ''Nataka Kirthanais'', there is no separate ''Kattiyam'' (dialogue) portion in ''Ramanataka Kirthanai,'' except for two lines of dialogue somewhere inside the text. | |||
== Content == | == Content == | ||
Arunachala Kavirayar created the entire ''Ramanataka'' ''Kirthanai'' based on the scenes of Ramayana into 6 ''Kandangal'' (divisions)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZM0l0Qy.TVA_BOK_0008345/mode/2up?q=%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88 https://archive.org/details/Ramanataka Kirthanai] </ref>. Based on the drama, Aruanchala Kavirayar divided the songs into 'character perspective' and 'poet perspective'. Arunachal Kavirayar devoted ''Tharu'' portion of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' as dance and drama and ''Virutham'' as narration by the author. | [[Arunachala Kavirayar]] created the entire ''Ramanataka'' ''Kirthanai'' based on the scenes of Ramayana into 6 ''Kandangal'' (divisions)<ref>[https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZM0l0Qy.TVA_BOK_0008345/mode/2up?q=%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D+%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%88 https://archive.org/details/Ramanataka Kirthanai] </ref>. Based on the drama, Aruanchala Kavirayar divided the songs into 'character perspective' and 'poet perspective'. Arunachal Kavirayar devoted ''Tharu'' portion of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' as dance and drama and ''Virutham'' as narration by the author. | ||
Arunachala Kaviryar used 40 ragas in ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' The ragas ''Asaveri, Kalyani, Saveri, Thodi, Mathyamavathi, Mohanam'' appear 15-20 times. The ragas ''Anandabairavi, Shankarabaram, Sowrashtram'' and ''Punnakavarali'' appeared 11-13 times. Other ragas appear less than 10 times. Arunachala Kavirayar composed songs in the rare ragas such as ''Dwijavandi, Mangalakausikam'' and ''Sainthavi''<ref>[https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY9jhyy.TVA_BOK_0002811/page/n3/mode/2up?q=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88&view=theater https://archive.org/details/ (History of Tamilisai)]</ref>''.'' | Arunachala Kaviryar used 40 ragas in ''Ramanataka Kirthanai.'' The ragas ''Asaveri, Kalyani, Saveri, Thodi, Mathyamavathi, Mohanam'' appear 15-20 times. The ragas ''Anandabairavi, Shankarabaram, Sowrashtram'' and ''Punnakavarali'' appeared 11-13 times. Other ragas appear less than 10 times. Arunachala Kavirayar composed songs in the rare ragas such as ''Dwijavandi, Mangalakausikam'' and ''Sainthavi''<ref>[https://archive.org/details/dli.jZY9lup2kZl6TuXGlZQdjZY9jhyy.TVA_BOK_0002811/page/n3/mode/2up?q=%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BF%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%88&view=theater https://archive.org/details/ (History of Tamilisai)]</ref>''.'' | ||
Among the Talas, 146 songs were in ''Adi Tala'', 78 songs in ''Ada Sabu Tala,'' and very little of songs with other Talas. | Among the Talas, 146 songs were in ''Adi Tala'', 78 songs in ''Ada Sabu Tala,'' and very little of songs with other Talas. | ||
Arunachala Kavirayar created ''Yutha Kanda'' portion of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' with the touch of epic. The war between | Arunachala Kavirayar created ''Yutha Kanda'' portion of ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' with the touch of epic. The war between Lakshman and Indrajit was composed as mega ''kirthanai'' by Arunachala Kavirayar. The mega ''kirthanai'' '<nowiki/>''Perunchandai Pareer''<ref>See the great fight</ref>''<nowiki/>''' has 8 ''Charanams'' with each ''Charanam'' with 22 lines of long songs. The longest was the ''Tharu'' type ''Banduvarali'' song- "''Moolapala Chandaiyai Kelum"'', with 362 lines of 3 ''Charanams.'' The ''Anupallavi'' <ref name=":1" />has got 21 lines beginning with the syllable 'mu'. | ||
== The Rest == | == The Rest == | ||
Most of the ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' songs were popular among the public. | Most of the ''Ramanataka Kirthanai'' songs were popular among the public. | ||
| Line 27: | Line 24: | ||
''Pallavi'' | ''Pallavi''<ref name=":0" /> | ||
''Yaro, Ivar Yaro, Enna pero Ariyene (Yaro)'' | ''Yaro, Ivar Yaro, Enna pero Ariyene (Yaro)'' | ||
''Anupallavai'' | ''Anupallavai''<ref name=":1" /> | ||
''Kar ulavum, sir ulavum mithilaiyil'' | ''Kar ulavum, sir ulavum mithilaiyil'' | ||
| Line 39: | Line 36: | ||
''Charanam'' | ''Charanam''<ref name=":2" /> | ||
''Chandra vimbamuka malarale- ennaithane parkirar orukale'' | ''Chandra vimbamuka malarale- ennaithane parkirar orukale'' | ||
| Line 50: | Line 47: | ||
''Pallavi'' | ''Pallavi''<ref name=":0" /> | ||
''Ramasami doothan naan ada- adadaa Ravana'' | ''Ramasami doothan naan ada- adadaa Ravana'' | ||
| Line 57: | Line 54: | ||
''Anupallavi'' | ''Anupallavi''<ref name=":1" /> | ||
''Maamalarthalai vasanum kaiylaa sanumrishi kesanum'' | ''Maamalarthalai vasanum kaiylaa sanumrishi kesanum'' | ||
| Line 66: | Line 63: | ||
''Charanam'' | ''Charanam''<ref name=":2" /> | ||
''Kaalamum balamum theriyamalku dhikkiraienna maayamo'' | ''Kaalamum balamum theriyamalku dhikkiraienna maayamo'' | ||
| Line 86: | Line 83: | ||
#''Yaro Ivar Yaro'' D.K. Pattammal | #''Yaro Ivar Yaro'' D.K. Pattammal | ||
== References == | == References == | ||
<references />{{ | <references />{{Finalised-en}} | ||
[[Category:English Content]] | [[Category:English Content]] | ||
Revision as of 19:02, 17 October 2022
இந்தப் பக்கத்தை தமிழில் வாசிக்க: இராமநாடகக் கீர்த்தனை
Ramanataka Kirthanai was the first Tamil Isai Nataka[1] text (musical drama). Arunachala Kavirayar created Ramanataka Kirthanai in 1771.
Publication
There were some old editions for Ramanataka Kirthanai. Diwan Bahadur Bhavanadam Pillai, who published the text such as Yapalankaram and Yaparungalam, printed Ramanataka Kirthanai and Nandanar Sarithira Kirthanai as Kirthanai Kothumalar 1 and Kirthanai Kothumalar 2 respectively, and published with 11 mythological pictures. Kothumalar means flower bouquet or bunch of flowers. This edition was released in 1914. But this edition included three Kirthanais[2] on three assistants with the name Udhavichirappu. The three Kirthanais are not the part of Ramanataka Kirthanai.
Author
Arunachala Kavirayar, the author of Ramanataka Kirthanai was born at Thillaiyadi near Sirkazhi.
Creation
Marathas were ruling Tanjore region during the time of Arunachala Kavirayar. Maharashtrian style Kathakalakshebam (rendering stories with music and drama) became popular in Tamil Nadu. Before that period, Kuravanji natakam[3] were popular in Tamil Nadu. But Isai Nataka Kirthanai songs did not exist in Tamil language. Arunachala Kavirayar was well versed in Kambaramayanam. A couple of students of Arunachala Kavirayar namely Venkatrama Iyer and Kothandarama Iyer were learning Kambaramayanam from him. At their request Arunachala Kavirayar attempted to write Ramanataka Kirthanai[4] in Isai Nataka format suitable for rendering the story . In those days it was a custom to sing the brief version of Ramayanam and the songs were known as Ramayana Oradi Kirthanai. (Oradi means one line) Arunachala Kavirayar wrote Ramayana Oradi Kirthanais in Thodi Ragam before he attempted Ramanataka Kirthanai. Arunachala Kavirayar created the Ramayana Oradi Kirthanai with the pallavi[5] "Kothanda diksha guruve bakthar ithaya kokana malar maruve", a very long anupallavai [6]and the Charanam[7] of 242 feet. There could be a possibility that Arunachala Kavirayar expanded this Oradi Ramayana Kirthanai into Ramanataka Kirthanai.
At the age of 60, Arunachala Kavirayar gave his debut performance of Ramanataka Kirthanai in Srirangam.
Structure
Ramanataka Kirthanai was a compilation of 258 musical songs. Ramanataka Kirthanai consists of 197 Tharu type Kirthanais, 60 Dipathai type Kirthanais and 6 Kadavul Vazhthu songs (Praise of God). The songs of Ramanataka Krithanai are made of 268 Virutham, 6 Kochchakalipa, 2 Venba and 1 Kalippa. Unlike other Nataka Kirthanais, there is no separate Kattiyam (dialogue) portion in Ramanataka Kirthanai, except for two lines of dialogue somewhere inside the text.
Content
Arunachala Kavirayar created the entire Ramanataka Kirthanai based on the scenes of Ramayana into 6 Kandangal (divisions)[8]. Based on the drama, Aruanchala Kavirayar divided the songs into 'character perspective' and 'poet perspective'. Arunachal Kavirayar devoted Tharu portion of Ramanataka Kirthanai as dance and drama and Virutham as narration by the author. Arunachala Kaviryar used 40 ragas in Ramanataka Kirthanai. The ragas Asaveri, Kalyani, Saveri, Thodi, Mathyamavathi, Mohanam appear 15-20 times. The ragas Anandabairavi, Shankarabaram, Sowrashtram and Punnakavarali appeared 11-13 times. Other ragas appear less than 10 times. Arunachala Kavirayar composed songs in the rare ragas such as Dwijavandi, Mangalakausikam and Sainthavi[9]. Among the Talas, 146 songs were in Adi Tala, 78 songs in Ada Sabu Tala, and very little of songs with other Talas.
Arunachala Kavirayar created Yutha Kanda portion of Ramanataka Kirthanai with the touch of epic. The war between Lakshman and Indrajit was composed as mega kirthanai by Arunachala Kavirayar. The mega kirthanai 'Perunchandai Pareer[10]' has 8 Charanams with each Charanam with 22 lines of long songs. The longest was the Tharu type Banduvarali song- "Moolapala Chandaiyai Kelum", with 362 lines of 3 Charanams. The Anupallavi [6]has got 21 lines beginning with the syllable 'mu'.
The Rest
Most of the Ramanataka Kirthanai songs were popular among the public.
The Balakandam song of Sita on Rama "Yaro ivar Yaro" sung my M.S Subulakshmi and D. K. Pattammal became popular through audio tapes. In Sudesamithran, many songs were written as a series with the notes of Ariyakudi Ramanujam Iyengar.
Ragam: Bairavi Thalam: Adi
Pallavi[5]Yaro, Ivar Yaro, Enna pero Ariyene (Yaro)
Anupallavai[6]Kar ulavum, sir ulavum mithilaiyil
Kanni madanthanil munne nintravar (Yaro)
Charanam[7]Chandra vimbamuka malarale- ennaithane parkirar orukale
Anthanalil thontham pole urukirar
Indanalil vanthu sevai tharukirar (Yaro)
The song of Anuman insulting Ravanan by calling him ada "Ramasami doothan naan ada" became very popula[11]r. (ada is not an insult when used among mates and families, but is considered as a disrespect in a formal situation. Ramasami doothan naan ada is like Anuman addressing the King Ravanan, "Hey, I am the ambassador of Rama")
Ragam Mohanam. Thalam Atachapu thalam
Pallavi[5]Ramasami doothan naan ada- adadaa Ravana
Naanada, enperanumaanada (Rama)
Anupallavi[6]Maamalarthalai vasanum kaiylaa sanumrishi kesanum
Marainthunindru thanthanaan allada
Purambe nindruvanthunaan allada (Rama)
Charanam[7]Kaalamum balamum theriyamalku dhikkiraienna maayamo
Kaamaththaaledarma budhika dakkiraiithu payamo
Chalamokedu kalama adaavunakku daivasa hayamo
Thangaimook aruppundathallavo chandalaithu njayamo
Valiyumpo naanunnai chiraivaiththa
Valumpoi vittathanjathe metha
External Links
- Ramanataka Isaipadalgal (Ebook)
- https://periscope-narada.blogspot.com/2014/07/yaro-ivar-yaro-critical-review-of.html
- (Arunachala Kavi) https://s-pasupathy.blogspot.com
- Yaro Ivar Yaro by Madurai Mani Iyer
- Yaro Ivar Yaro D.K. Pattammal
References
- ↑ Isai means Music and Nataka means drama
- ↑ Religious songs or hymns
- ↑ Drama
- ↑ Musical poems on Rama's story. Kata means story
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 The first part of a song in Indian music
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 A distinct section within the introduction or starting section of a song (anu can mean sub)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Stanza of a song
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/Ramanataka Kirthanai
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/ (History of Tamilisai)
- ↑ See the great fight
- ↑ Ramasamidoothan naanada
✅Finalised Page
